How to
Fit a Bicycle Helmet
Time invested in fitting a helmet pays
big safety and comfort dividends!
Your objective: Snug, Level,
Stable
You want the helmet to be
comfortably touching the head all the way around, level and stable enough to
resist even violent shakes or hard blows and stay in place. It should be as
low on the head as possible to maximize side coverage, and held level on the
head with the strap comfortably snug.
Be Prepared for the Worst
Heads come in many sizes and
shapes. You should be prepared for the possibility that the helmet you are
trying to fit may not be compatible with this particular head. And
unfortunately, you should expect to spend ten to fifteen minutes to get your
helmet properly fitted.
1. Adjust the fit pads or ring
Most helmets come with extra
foam fitting pads of different thicknesses to customize the fit. Fitting pads
are too squishy to help manage energy in a crash. Their only function is to
make the helmet fit better. For starters, you can usually remove the top pad
entirely or use the thinnest ones. This lowers the helmet on the head,
bringing its protection down further on the sides. It may reduce the flow of
cooling air, but probably not enough to notice.
Adjust the side fit pads by
using thicker pads if your head is narrow and there is a space, or add
thicker pads in the back for shorter heads. You may also move pads around,
particularly on the "corners" in the front and rear. Leaving some
gaps will improve air flow. The pads should touch your head evenly all the
way around, without making the fit too tight. The pads may compress slightly
over time, but not much, so do not count on that to loosen the fit. The
helmet should sit level on the head, with the front just above the eyebrows,
or if the rider uses glasses, just above the frame of the glasses. If you
walk into a wall, the helmet should hit before your nose does!
There are also helmets on the
market that use a fitting ring rather than side pads for adjustment. With
these one-size-fits-all models you begin by adjusting the size of the ring.
Some of them may require the ring so tight for real stability on your head
that they feel binding, but loosening the ring can produce a sloppy fit,
indicating that the helmet is not for you.
2. Adjust the straps
Now put the helmet on and fasten
the buckle. Be sure the front is in front! You want to adjust it to the
"Eye-Ear-Mouth" test developed by the Bicycle Coalition of Maine:
· When you look upward the front rim should be barely visible to
your eye
The Y of the side straps should meet just below your ear
The chin strap should be snug against the chin so that when you
open your mouth very wide you feel the helmet pull down a little bit.
With the helmet
in position on your head, adjust the length of the rear (nape) straps, then
the length of the front straps, to locate the Y fitting where the straps come
together just under your ear. That may involve sliding the straps across the
top of the helmet to get the length even on both sides. Then adjust the
length of the chin strap so it is comfortably snug. If it cuts into the chin
and is not comfortable, it is too tight. Now pay attention to the rear
stabilizer if the helmet has one. It can keep the helmet from jiggling in
normal use and make it feel more stable, but only a well-adjusted strap can
keep it on in a crash.
When you think
the straps are about right, shake your head around violently. Then put your
palm under the front edge and push up and back. Can you move the helmet more
than an inch or so from level, exposing your bare forehead? Then you need to
tighten the strap in front of your ear, and perhaps loosen the rear nape
strap behind your ear. Again, the two straps should meet just below your ear.
Now reach back and grab the back edge. Pull up. Can you move the helmet more
than an inch? If so, tighten the nape strap.
For a final
check, look in a mirror or look at the wearer whose helmet you are fitting.
Move the helmet side to side and front to back, watching the skin around the
eyebrows. It should move slightly with the helmet. If it does not, the fit
pads are probably too thin in front or back.
When you are
done, your helmet should be level, feel solid on your head and be
comfortable. It should not bump on your glasses (if it does, tighten the nape
strap). It should pass the eye-ear-mouth test. You should forget you are
wearing it most of the time, just like a seat belt or a good pair of shoes.
If it still does not fit that way, keep working with the straps and pads, or
try another helmet.
Note: with a
helmet that fits this well on a child, you must be sure the child removes the
helmet before climbing trees and playing on playground equipment. Otherwise
there is a risk of catching the helmet and being strangled! That doesn't
happen in normal bike riding, even in crashes, but it can happen while
climbing trees or monkey bars. Here is a page with
details on that
problem.
You're Done!
We hope it worked for you. Let us know how we can improve these
instructions.
More Resources on Fit
Here is our page on
One-Size-Fits-All helmets.
Our pamphlet on fitting helmets is available
here as a
Word file or a .pdf format file. You can save it to disk, print it out in Word, another word
processor or any Acrobat reader (
available free from Adobe) and photocopy it for non-profit use. Or
give us the postal mailing address where we can send you a paper copy to
reproduce. We can't mail it on paper to your email address! We send a high
resolution printout on heavy flat paper for photocopying.
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